Hector Pieterson: An Iconic Symbol of the Apartheid


The Apartheid was a period of extreme segregation in South Africa beginning in 1948 and lasting until 1994. The word “Apartheid” translates literally to “the state of being separate”. During the Apartheid, citizens of South Africa were placed into one of four major groups: Black, White, Coloured or Indian, with the ‘Coloured’ and ‘Indian’ groups having many subdivision. South Aftica’s ruling party during this time, the National Party (NP), created laws to support a long-time goal of the NP; To discriminate against the black majority and give the white minority superiority. These laws banned the black population from doing business, living or owning land in ‘white’ areas. From 1960 -1983, 3.5 million non-white South Africans were removed from their homes and forced into segregated areas. They had no right to citizenship and instead became citizens of one of the ten self-governing ‘Bantustans’. The division of the Bantustans was tribal-based. This forced segregation and relocation is one of the largest mass-removals in modern history. Interracial marriage was criminalized during the Apartheid and in 1970, legislation was passed which prohibited any political representation for the Black population. Resistance grew in the 1960s as many Black citizens were arrested, beaten and killed while peacefully protesting Apartheid policies. In 1953 the ‘Bantu Education Act’ was passed, enraging many South Africans. As used in ‘Bantu Education Act’, “Bantu” is considered to be a highly inflammatory word having derogatory connotations against indigenous peoples of central or southern Africa who speak a ‘Bantu’, or Niger-Congo language. [In modern times “Bantu” is used as a neutral term for the various African languages of South Africa when speaking in generalizations] The Bantu Education Act required all South African students to learn the Afrikaan language regardless of their local language. Half of exams for students after elementary/early primary school would be written in Afrikaan. Being the language of leaders of the National Party, it was viewed by non-white citizens as the language of their oppressor. The Bantu Education Act prompted the beginning of many anti-Apartheid political movements and organizations including the South African Students Organization (SASO). During this time the Black Conciousness Movement (BCM) became more prominent in South Africa, as well.
Tensions caused by the Apartheid and the NP’s imposing of the Afrikaan language on South Africa’s youth rose to a climax on June 16, 1976 with the Soweto Uprising. Between 3,000 – 10,000 students (some modern estimates believe the crowd may have grown to as many as 20,000) participated in a peaceful protest organized by the South African Student’s Movement Action Comittee and supported by the Black Conciousness Movement. They gathered in Soweto, Johannesburg, carrying protest signs reading ‘Bantu Education- to Hell with it’ and ‘Down with Afrikaans’ while singing freedom songs. Many than began the march which would end at Orlando Soccer Stadium where there was scheduled to be a peaceful protest. Approximately fifty police officers halted protesters marching towards the stadium and told them to turn back but they refused. Police dispersed tear gas into the crowd and fired warning shots before opening fire into the crowd. Many ran for cover, others held their ground and began throwing stones at police in retaliation.

 

Fifteen year old Hastings Ndlovu was shot in the head by police and died after arriving at a nearby clinic. Hastings’s parents, brother and three sisters left Johannesburg shortly after his death but returned a few years later. His former home located at 7235 Thabete Street in Soweto, Johannesburg was marked with a blue plaque on June 16, 2012 in memorial of the boy. Thirteen year old Hector Pieterson was shot by police on the corner of Moema and Vilakazi Streets near Orlando West High School.

 

 

A fellow student, 18-year-old Mbuyisa Makhubo, picked Hector off the ground and began running to get him into the car of news photographer Sam Nzima. Nzima snapped a photo of Makhubo carrying Hector Pieterson as Hector’s 17-year-old sister,  Antoinette Sithole ran alongside them.

 

 

Hector was placed into Sam Nzima’s car and driven by journalist Sophie Tema to a nearby clinic where he was pronounced dead upon arrival. What had begun in Soweto quickly spread across the nation of South Africa. By the end of the day on June 16, 1976 the government reported 23 deaths including two white police officers who were either beaten or stoned to death by the crowd. By the end of June 1976 the numbers had risen to 176 killed and thousands more injured, but modern estimates suggest approximately 700 people were killed in total; The Soweto Uprising had a major impact on South Africa’s socio-political landscape.

 

 

Sam Nzima’s iconic photo of Hector Pierterson. [Originally “Pitso”, the family adopted the surname “Pieterson” to pass as ‘Coloured’. During the Apartheid, ‘Coloured’ citizens received more privileges than ‘Black’ citizens.

 Sam Nzima’s photo went on to become a famous symbol of the movement forcing him and Mbuyisa Makhubo to go into hiding due to extreme harassment by police and members of the National Party. On August 21, 1976 Mbuyisa Makhubo said he was going to Durbam. He then told his mother he was “tired of running” and illegally crossed the border to Botswana to escape the hostile environment in South Africa. While in Botswana, he had a son, Thato, with Keneilwe Mokgele. The last time his mother had any form of contact with Mbuyisa was in 1978 when he sent he a letter from Nigeria. He wrote that he had “every sickness in the book” and was unhappy in Nigeria. He said he wanted to walk to Jamaica. His family stated they got the impression from his letter he was mentally unwell at the time. Mbuyisa’s mother, Nombulelo, died in 2002 assuming her son was imprisoned or dead, having only heard from him once in the 26 years since he went into hiding. On Feburary 11, 2014, Mbuyisa’s younger brother, Raul, received photos and information on a man who had been living in Canada since 1988 under the name “Victor Vinnetou”.

 

“Victor Vinnetou”, believed to be Mbuyisa Makhubo, the student who carried Hector Pieterson.

“Victor” had been detained in Canada since August 10, 2004 for being found living in the country without citizenship or proper documentation. After uncovering “Victor Vinnetou”‘s past experiences matched those of Mbuyisa Makhubo from speaking about his experiences on June 16th to knowing specific details about the Makhubo’s family home in South Africa. The man was also found to have a moon-shaped birthmark on the left side of his chest which indicated to his living relatives “Victor” was in fact, Mbuyisa Makhubo. Following this discovery, the Department of Arts and Culture began working to bring Mbuyisa home to South Africa; However, after performing a DNA test, the results were found to be “inconclusive”. Raul said he was told by Paul Mashatile, the Minister of The Department of Arts and Culture at that time that the “inconclusive” results were announced as a way to buy more time for Mbuyisa to repatriate. Obviously, this is an incredibly emotional process for Mbuyisa Makhubo’s family and due to partial paralysis from a stroke in 2013 and being diabetic, Raul has not been involved in the process of bringing Mbuyisa back to South Africa since his initial involvement. Instead, Mbuyisa’s oldest sister, Nontsikelelo has taken over the process and is trying to reach out to the nation of France on behalf of the family to receive the assistance they need to retrieve Mbuyisa from Canada. The family is working to raise money to finally meet “Victor Vinnetou” in person and confirm his suspected identity. They plan to appeal to both the Canadian and South African governments to bring their long-lost brother home.
Both Hector Pieterson and Hastings Ndlovu were buried in the Avalon Cemetery in Soweto, Johannesburg. The Apartheid ended in 1994 when Nelson Mandela became the first black President of South Africa and the National Party’s rule ended. Mandela, who spent 27 years in prison for his role as a leader in the anti-Apartheid movement worked once again to eradicate the unjust laws put into place by the National Party once released from prison in 1990. Today in South Africa, June 16th is observed as ‘National Youth Day’, a day when the country honors young people and sheds light on the needs of students’.

 On June 16, 2015, the 39th anniversary of the Soweto Uprising, school children remembered the sacrifices made by Hector Pieterson, Hastings Ndlovu and other young protesters in 1976 by staging a reenactment of the bloody and pivotal day in South African history.

The following video features Antoinette Sithole discussing the events of June 16, 1976 and offers additional information on the death of Hector Pieterson.

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Dying with Dignity: One Woman’s Willful Journey into Death

The following video documents the final days of a woman who opted for physician-assisted suicide in 2010. Seventy-four year old Michele Causse Deriaz, a resident of Toulouse, France traveled to Switzerland with her partner and a friend in order to die on the day of her birth, July 29th. Michele’s story is very intriguing; She speaks bluntly, even joyfully, on the subject of her death and has strong yet simple views on the topic of Dying with Dignity. Michele volunteered for cameras to follow her in the days leading to her scheduled death and to be present as she chose to take a lethal dose of pentobarbital, prescribed by her end of life physician. She hoped that by participating in the documentary, physician-assisted suicide would be a more available option for others like her who wish to end their life. On the day before her death she left a message for viewers, “Let me say before dying that people really cherish life… I have to be really suffering to leave it; I wanted to live just like everyone else… There won’t be crowds of people lining up to die. The few who wish to die will certainly have good reasons.”

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If you enjoyed Michele’s story, you might also like Dying with Dignity, Demystifying the Process of Dying, Everybody Poops: The Post-Mortem Edition, Karl Wallenda’s Fatal Tightrope Fall, Possible Relatives: Tina Enghoff Photographs Homes of the Recently Deceased and Joshiah: We are the Creators of Our Universe

Imaginary Murders on the Rise

On May 12, 2015 a man in Jacksonville, Florida turned himself in to the local Sheriff for the murder of his best friend. Thirty-seven year old Geoff Gaylord stabbed his friend of seven years repeatedly with a kitchen knife before dismembering the body with a hatchet and burying him in the backyard. Geoff Gaylord told police of the murder, “It was an overreaction. I should have listened to the neighbor lady and got us into counseling, but no, I did the unthinkable and killed my best friend. I’m a terrible, terrible person and I need to be punished.”. Despite his gruesome confession for the murder, Mr. Gaylord will not be charged with homicide because the friend he killed happens to be imaginary. Geoff’s imaginary friend, Mr. Happy, was suffering from drug and alcohol addiction at the time of his murder and it became too much for Gaylord to handle. According to the statement given to police, the two friends had not had a “real conversation” in at least a year and had begun to drift apart as Mr. Happy’s addictions intensified. Geoff Gaylord claimed, “His room was a mess all the time with his toys and dolls. He left his empty vodka bottles all over the kitchen… Never picked up his empty cocaine baggies… He messed up my apartment to the point where I just couldn’t get it clean… Before Hap started doing drugs and acting weird he was my BFF… We’d go dancing, play on the children’s park equipment, both huge fans of doom metal- listened to it for hours with the lights turned off.” and that Mr. Happy “left the toilet seat down when he peed.”. The breaking point came when Mr. Happy crashed Gaylord’s Nissan ALTIMA after the two had been out celebrating Mr. Happy’s birthday at a local Hooter’s. Geoff Gaylord was ultimately arrested for the incident despite the fact that his imaginary friend had been the one driving. Gaylord stated, “That drunk driving incident I got unfairly blamed for and just how messy he had become put me over the edge and I murdered him.”. Horrified by his own crime, Mr. Gaylord, who was incredibly intoxicated at the time of his confession, insisted upon the death penalty “right now” and threatened police when they refused to sentence him as he desired; Instead he was arrested for threatening police, possession of drug paraphernalia and possession of an illegal machine gun discovered inside his home. Disappointingly, it is more likely than not that this story which was originally published on Moron.com is nothing more than a hoax. Geoff Gaylord’s mug shot is in fact a photo of a man named Billy Southern which appeared in a gallery of “Crying Mugshots” that went viral in 2011.

  Recently, fake stories on imaginary murders have become somewhat popular. According to a fake story published in 2013, Doug Byron, a resident of Bangour, Maine went to his local police station and confessed to the murders of eight people who he claimed had occurred over a span of two years. M. Byron led police to eight shallow graves just outside the town of Milford and turned over journals in which he detailed how he had selected and stalked his victims before murdering them. The descriptions of the killings were so detailed and gruesome police believed him to be a serial killer… Until they dug up the graves of his victims and found nothing but dirt. Police Chief Lou Foster stated, “This is weird even for Maine. I mean, he’s so sure he committed a crime, but he hasn’t. He led us to eight graves in the woods, but all he’d done was dig a big hold and then refilled it. The journals are packed with grisly details, and I probably wont sleep for a week, but they’re just works of fiction.”. Although these stories are just as real as the victims, let’s pretend for a moment Geoff Gaylord and Doug Byron did murder and dismember the bodies of their imaginary friends. As we all know, it is perfectly normal for children to have an imaginary friend or two or ten. During childhood, imaginary friends are used as a device to experiment with early socialization. In the hypothetical case of Geoff Gaylord, it seems Mr. Happy began as a substitute for authentic socialization. As Gaylord recalled, he and Mr. Happy spent a lot of time going out dancing and listening to doom metal music together. While it seems Mr. Gaylord did in fact have some underlying mental and/or addiction issues, many mentally stable adults have imaginary friends to help them cope with loneliness and social anxiety. As Geoff Gaylord’s struggle with addiction and hoarding intensified, it was easier for him to blame Mr. Happy than to face his own problems. In killing his imaginary friend he was, in a way, “killing” the bad habits which he had projected onto Mr. Happy; If Mr. Happy dies, there will be no more DUIs, no more drugs or trash in the apartment. Murdering Mr.Happy may have also been an indirect attempt by Gaylord to punish himself for the bad behavior which he is, at the very least, subconsciously aware he is responsible for. He permanently ended the illusion of Mr. Happy by “murdering” his imaginary (and possibly only) friend. Doug Byron, it seems, had different motives behind the manifestation and murders of his imaginary friends. Despite his confession and remorse for committing the murders, they were all meticulously pre-meditated. Usually, serial killers who get away with their crimes are highly intelligent; Perhaps planning and “getting away with” killing was gratifying for Doug Byron’s ego. He may have begun killing in hopes it would boost his self-confidence. Murders often claim the “god-like” feeling they experience from having control over another human’s life and death is their primary motivation to kill. For Mr. Byron, creating imaginary people to murder  may have been a way to replicate this feeling of total control without actually having to harm anyone. As with any serial killer who turns themselves in, Doug Byron would have only done so after he felt, for whatever reason, he could no longer continue his way of life. The eight innocent, imaginary people Doug Byron created and killed were very likely created based on who he pictured as his ideal “type” to kill. As police stated, his journals detailed how he selected and murdered his victims. For Doug Byron, the journals were a way to document and relive his imaginary fantasies over and over, each time making them just a little better, by his standards; Very similar to an actual killer. Since these stories were just hoaxes, sadly we will never have the opportunity to read the detailed journals of this mind-boggling “murderer”. But it we just close our eyes, we can imagine all the bizarre and unbelievable things it would say…

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Possible Relatives: Tina Enghoff Photographs Homes of the Recently Deceased for New Exhibition

Tina Enghoff is a Danish visual artist who, in her exhibition entitled ‘Possible Relatives’, explores loneliness in society by way of death. Inspiration for this otherworldly series came from newspaper articles searching for relatives of the recently departed. Enghoff collected over a hundred of these articles over the years and displayed them with her photos in her exhibit at the Nikolaj, Copenhagen Contemporary Art Center. These individuals who died alone in their homes with no known next of kin are remembered through Tina Enghoff’s photos of the empty apartments which they once inhabited. Although the viewer will never know who lived and died in the still-furnished rooms, though viewing the series one certainly experiences how the person was feeling at the time of their death: Alone. States of the living environments range, some sparse of material objects and tidy, others reveal signs of hoarding lingering in the background. Everyday object such as shoes, left just as they were at the time of their owner’s death, can be seen in the homes of the unknown deceased. More eerily, in many photos there is a dark residue on the furniture or floor. This is known as “body stain” and is left behind on surfaces where a body has been decomposing. Sadly, it is a tell-tale sign that the body of the deceased had remained in the location of death for quite some time before being discovered and removed.
The artist explains her series as:

“A documentation of a part of human life that few are seldom witness to – death in the shape of traces left by people who have passed away alone. Possible Relatives is a project about rejection, loneliness and invisibility –about the poverty of social contact in our otherwise economically developed welfare system.

“ We who only see the empty rooms, know nothing about the people who have left them. But we can surmise that most of those who have departed from earthly life in these apartments without calling for help, have given up all hope to be liked and have abandoned all role play long ago.””

View the entire series ‘Possible Relatives’ here
Learn more about Tina Enghoff’s work on her website: http://www.tinaenghoff.com/
To learn more about the Nikolaj, Copenhagen Contemporary Art Center visit: www.kunsthallennikolaj.dk

From the same demented mind that brought you The Post-Mortem Post: FREAK
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Evidence Supports Sixth Sense (PSI) in Humans

Today, many people claim to have extraordinary abilities, or a “sixth sense”: There are psychics who claim to know the future, mediums and spiritual sensitives who communicate with spirits of the dead, and telepaths who can read the minds of others, to name only a few. Unfortunately, “mediums” like Helen Duncan have caused the human race to lose all faith in people who claim to have “abilities”. When the “ectoplasm” that would manifest from her during séances so mysteriously began to take the form of a terrifyingly kitschy haunted house prop, her audiences were baffled. That was pretty short-lived once people caught on her “ectoplasm” was nothing more than cheesecloth. Since Helen, there have been dozens of high-profile frauds just like her. A couple of decades ago, it was mostly telephone psychics with late-night infomercials and regular slots on daytime TV talk shows. Now, with reality TV pumping out ghost investigation shows left and right, each one has their own resident psychic and/or medium, who is most likely just an actor. If you’ve seen ‘The Dead Files’ (which is an incredibly entertaining show on many levels, I must say), you’ve probably also seen “Physical Medium, Amy Allan”‘s camera man rolling his eyes at her in the background. Most recently, there’s been incredibly strong accusations of fraud surrounding mediums Theresa Caputo and Chip Coffey. When everyone you’ve ever known to claim these sort of abilities turns out to be a fraud, it is entirely logical to come to the conclusion that anyone who claims these abilities is a fraud. Unfortunately, the problem with that conclusion is, the real people with the real abilities will never go out on national television and start advertising it. They will never go up to perfect strangers in public and deliver a message from their deceased mother. For every John Edwards and Miss Cleo out there looking to make a quick buck running scams on the more vulnerable and naïve of us by assuring that a dead relative is happy in the afterlife, or that you can buy that house because you will get that new job, there are ten people with legitimate abilities who are not looking to make money off it. Usually, individuals who do sense spirits or future events try to suppress it. It’s not necessarily a pleasant ‘gift’, and the attention one would receive for such abilities would be incredibly overwhelming for most people. Think if it were you: You’re seeing things on a daily basis no one else can see, but could never possibly provide enough evidence to prove it- do you advertise that? No- you would end up in a psychiatric institute for the next several decades with your loved ones patronizing you for the rest of your existence. If you were aware of a massive terrorist attack that was about to take place, would you call up the government and inform them of all the details of the attack? No! Your house would be swarmed with Blackhawk helicopters ready to whisk you away to some secretive government prison in an unknown location for waterboarding. When normal people with everything to lose and no intention to gain anything (aside from information on what they are experiencing) claim to have extraordinary abilities, the least we can do is give them the benefit of the doubt and look into the possibility.
In 2010 social psychologist Daryl Bem, a professor emeritus at Cornell University conducted a series of nine experiments on 1,000 people to test the legitimacy of psychic abilities. In one of the experiments, participants were shown a list of words and asked to remember as many as possible. After students recalled all the words they could, a computer generated sort of words from the list were printed out. The students taking part in the study were asked to type the words on their list. Despite the fact that these words had been randomly chosen by a computer system after the word recall portion of the study was complete, the findings showed participants were better able to remember words which they would later type. Professor Bem believes these results were possible due to precognition. In another test performed, a separate group of students were shown an image of two curtains on a computer. They were told that one of the curtains would reveal an “adult” image. Although the image behind the curtain would not be generated until one curtain had been chosen, the participants chose the erotic image “more often than could be explained away by chance”, according to Daryl Bem. He believes the participants of his study were able to mentally manipulate which image would be revealed to them, after being given the suggestion the photo would be pornographic. Out of the nine experiments, all but one ruled in favor of psychic abilities, with a 74 billion to 1 chance the test results were a fluke. After reading about Bem’s astounding findings in The Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Professor Ritchie of Edinburgh recreated the experiments and received completely opposite results. Both professors agree, there is no explanation to the widely varied results of these two identical and in-depth experiments. Dr. Alan Hugenot is an architect/engineer and Naval Captain who claims a ‘believer’ and a ‘skeptic’ can conduct the same experiment and receive opposite results due to the way in which the two individuals perceive consciousness [Click this link for more on his theory]. In 1893, French sociologist Emile Durkheim first put forth the theory of a “shared mind” or “collective consciousness” [Click here for more info] Lyall Watson, a South African zoologist and ecologist, along with his colleague, scientific author Lawrence Blair, devised a theory in 1975 known as ‘The Hundredth Monkey Effect’ based on the findings of Japanese scientists. The scientists had observed macaques on the Japanese island of Koshima in the 1950s and found that once the group of macaques inhabiting the island learned how to wash sweet potatoes, the behavior spread to separate clan of macaques on a neighboring island, without the two groups having ever come into contact with one another. This same evidence of a collective consciousness has also been observed in a species of bird called the blue tit. In 2011, blue tits in Southampton discovered they could break into bottles and drink the milk inside from the top. Shortly afterwards, the exact same behavior occurred in different groups of the same species across Eurasia. Considering the fact that blue tits are non-migratory, there is absolutely no chance the groups exhibiting this behavior, spread so far apart, ever came into contact with each other. Surprisingly, this skill may also exist in humans. For instance, many astounding comparisons can be made between origin stories from religions practiced by separate groups of humans living great distances apart in ancient times. As far as historians and scientists know, these groups would not have had the ability to come into contact and share information. This phenomenon of species seemingly communicating new information telepathically could have a natural explanation. It is likely rather than literally using psychic abilities to pass on new techniques to the rest of the species, animals have uniform thought processes that solve problems in the exact same way as others of their own species. While this ability is not paranormal, it certainly is astounding and makes us wonder what other bizarre gifts nature may have given us that we have yet to acknowledge or utilize. Mother Nature has proven herself to be a creature of habit and Rupert Sheldrake has a theory that may offer an explanation as to why the behaviors of living beings in our universe seem to be constantly repeating themselves. Sheldrake is a biochemist, cell biologist, plant physiologist, and parapsychology researcher who believes not all memories are stored in our brain. He believes in an “extended mind” which stores a collective memory from all previous beings within the species that have come before, and is inherited by every new member of the species as a sort of self-preservation. Think of it as a type of evolved instinct- humans today are not doing quite as dumb things (as a whole) as they were 1,000 years ago. Not because anyone explicitly taught them not to, but because a part of us remembers from 1,000 years ago that we should not do that dumb thing anymore. Under this theory, the same would be true for tuna fish, okapi, red ants, chihuahuas, and every other living species that exists. It is a difficult theory for some to wrap their head around, but if you are a believer in reincarnation, it may make sense as an effect of living a lifetime, dying and being momentarily enlightened. When you return to Earth in a new life with only vague, subconscious fragments of your past life and between life experiences, perhaps this “extended mind” is a way to describe these leftover memories. As evidence to support his claim, Rupert Sheldrake cites the natural crystallization of new chemicals which crystallize very slowly the first time but become faster with each following attempt. According to him, the “Laws of Nature” are more like “Habits of Nature” that are expanded upon with each generation. It is a widely accepted fact that many animal species do possess a sixth sense and it is possible that it exists in humans, as well. The cryptochrome gene is a protein found in the retina of numerous animals such as butterflies, fruit flies, migratory birds, sea turtles, and foxes to name a few. Cryptochromes allow for accurate navigation in the dark because at the very least, the animal has an incredibly strong sense of the Earth’s magnetic field; However, it is likely some, if not all of these species have the ability to literally see the magnetic field laid out like a grid before them as clear as you can see your hand in front of your face. There is evidence supporting the theory that humans have this cryptochrome gene and the potential to tap into the abilities it provides. Unfortunately, scientists believe humans have lost all practical use for it due to the electromagnetic world we live in today. If you don’t use it, you lose it, and with modern computer apps, we have no need to use the mapping and navigation abilities nature has bestowed upon us. However, it does not necessarily suggest every single person in the world has completely lost every aspect of this ability. In fact, there are numerous “sixth senses” that only a select few members of the human race have retained, but may have, at one time, been present in a larger percentage. Perhaps many of the rare “sixth senses” that exist today will eventually evolve and be passed to future generations as a normal human function.
Take synesthesia for example: Synethstesia is a rare neurological condition or trait- no one really know exactly what causes it. It could be a defect in the neurological structure, cross-wiring in neurotransmitters, or possibly caused when a newborn’s body fails to properly “untangle” the part of the brain which analyzes our five senses. It tends to run in families, so it could even be a genetic disorder engrained in the synethstite’s DNA. Whatever the case may be, it gives the person the ability to see sounds, taste words, and hear physical feelings. Really, any combination of senses may be perceived in the brain of a person living with synesthesia. While there is no way to diagnose this condition, it exists in an estimated 4% of the population, in some form. The mixing of senses in a person with synesthesia is completely involuntary, it is experienced, not imagined. When someone with the condition hears the word “triangle”, they may see yellow because triangles are yellow and smell pears because triangles smell like pears. These associations will never change. “Triangle” will forever be yellow and smell like pears because to the synesthstite, that IS a triangle. Letters, numbers, weekdays, months, and other “common” words have a specific color and/or smell which comes in handy in helping these lucky individuals remember things. When trying to remember someone’s name, they may remember it was a dark purple name- “D” is dark purple- and the name smelled like chocolate chip cookies- names that end in a long “O” sound smell like chocolate chip cookies: The name was “Diego”. This may seem like an incredibly complicated way to remember a name, but someone experiencing synesthesia would think you’re an idiot for not being able to remember that Diego is dark purple and smells like cookies- DUH! Diego has always been dark purple and smelled like chocolate chip cookies, how could you not know that? Some people go through their entire lives with this condition, never realizing they are perceiving the world far differently from everyone else. I had gone my entire life (up until a few weeks ago) without realizing I have some form of synesthesia. I was under the impression everyone had specific, unwavering, colors, smells, or sounds they associated with certain things. From my own experience, I can assure you when I hear the word “death”, for instance, I smell a very distinct smell as though… Well, as though there actually were something there to smell. Although I do not know what the smell is, I know it smells puce green, which incidentally, is also the color of “death”. Puce green has always, and will always, smell like death: No exceptions. When I hear (or imagine the sound of) scraping on a chalkboard, I get a vivid, lingering metallic taste in my mouth as though I were sucking on a set of keys. It’s not anything I put thought or effort into, I just taste keys with no explanation as to why. Another incredibly bizarre “sixth sense” is the ability to see imaginary colors. Many people claim to see colors that do not exist within the color spectrum such as a blue-ish tinted yellow that is in no way similar to green. You may be doubting this is possible and wishing there were a way you find out for certain. Luckily, there’s a way to simulate this “imaginary color” phenomenon to decide for yourself if its legit: Imagine the color pink. Can you see it? Yes? …Are you aware pink is one of these imaginary colors? Although it is the only imaginary color everyone can see, it does not exist in the rainbow, and therefore, does not exist in the color spectrum at all. A rainbow is a representation of all colors present in the visible spectrum; Beginning, we have red, followed by orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, and ending with violet. Our eyes have red, green, and blue light cones that decipher what shade we are seeing. When blue and green light mix, they create cyan, red and green light create yellow, every color we see is created by some combination of red, green and/or blue light- except pink. Pink is technically referred to as “magenta” (which is just a specific shade of pink for those of you not familiar with crayons) and magenta can only be created by mixing red light and violet light. If you were to take this horizontal color spectrum spanning from red to violet and visualize it curling up into a color wheel made up of colors in our visual spectrum, there would be a gap between red and violet. Everything to the side of red is an infrared form of light, everything to the side of violet is an ultraviolet form of light, due to this it is impossible for humans to visually mix red with violet. With our limited light cones unable to actually see magenta, our brain invents an imaginary color. Therefor, pink, magenta, wild strawberry, ‘mauvelous’, and any other catchy Crayola (TM) color that describes the hue created by red and violet is an imaginary color.
The human brain can achieve bizarre and amazing things. The world has recently learned two people can observe the same dress, but one person perceives a blue and black dress while another perceives it as white and gold. We can see imaginary colors, never questioning whether or not they are real, and some of us can vividly taste every color in the rainbow without ever opening a bag of Skittles. If some people’s brains can perceive sound when they observe a color, it’s not such a leap to assume there are humans who can hear the dead and see the future. Whether or not you’re sold on the idea of paranormal abilities being more normal than previously believed, leave here with this: Scientists know, without a doubt, it is absolutely possibly to predict the future, and deduce the past with 100% accuracy and they know how to do it. Our entire universe is composed of particles, due to this fact, if you knew the initial velocity (u), displacement (s), and acceleration (a) of every single particle in the universe, you could plug-in an amount of time (t) and know the future. Using the equation  s=ut + 1/2at^2  you would find the only place the particle can be at that exact moment in time and by knowing the exact position of every single particle in the universe, you will know the only possible future that can exist. Though some scientists dismiss parapsychology as pseudoscience, if we ignore the subject all together, we may never realize the human race’s full potential. At the very least, we can dismiss it and will certainly walk away with more knowledge on the paranormal (or lack thereof) than we have today. Scientists and intellectuals should strive to walk in the footsteps of the great Albert Einstein who believed, “To raise new questions, new possibilities… requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science.”.

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To learn more about Daryl Bem and read his entire article from The Journal of Personality and Social Psychology visit his website: http://dbem.ws/